ELDT Theory Exam

0.1 Getting Started (1/9)

Not sure if ELDT.com is registered on the FMCSA TPR? Check out our video below and will walk you through the process to see it for yourself.

Click to verify ELDT.com is a registered provider

https://tpr.fmcsa.dot.gov/Search

KDC TRAINING CDL Entry Level Driver Training

Our Entry-Level Driver Training course was created to optimize how you retain knowledge for maximum results.

What makes ELDT.com different?

• All the material requirements outlined are the new FMCSA Entry-Level Training standards. Each section you go through will have a title and a description of what material is covered.
• The lessons have been broken down into small sections we like to call little bites. By taking little bites it will help you retain information better and make the course seem more manageable and not overwhelming.

0.1 Getting Started (2/9)

Setting Up Your Account for Final TPR Certification

Step #1: Register at ELDT.com

You've found ELDT.com, put it in your email and created a password, and logged in.

If you forget your password just click the "Forgot Password" link on the login page, and it will email you directions.

NOTE: The email attached to your account tracks your progress for ELDT. Make sure the email you entered is correct and that you have access to that email account. If you put in a fake email, you will not be able to complete the course. Make sure the email you register with at ELDT is one you can access and is also the email you would like submitted to the TPR.

Click the Next button

0.1 Getting Started (4/9)

Step #3 Understand the Lesson Design

Most of us struggle to read and retain large chunks of information all at once, especially without immediate application or engagement with the new learning. The lessons are designed strategically to break down the information into bitesize chunks so you can retain the most information and pass your quizzes with ease.

• When you start the course, it will outline what you will be learning.
• The next slide will be your first lesson.
• Once you've read the section click NEXT and it will take you to your follow-up question about what you just read.
• No large exam in the end, just a question after each section to help with retaining information. The course is meant to provide a basic foundation of knowledge you will continue to build upon as you gain experience.
• On the top of each slide, there will be two numbers that will show what slide you are on and how many total there is for that section.
• A lesson and a question each count as a slide. If there are 20 slides (example: 1/20) you will have 10 mini-lessons and 10 questions. Some questions are currently in the slides with the information; we are working on adjusting that.
• When you are on the last slide there will be a FINISH button. Press it and your final score will pop up and take you back to the course outline.
• The course outline will display a percentage of completion. As you progress through the course your percentage will increase. Once it's at 100% you are all done. Congratulations!

Click the Next button

0.1 Getting Started (8/9)

Time to get started click FINISH and it will take you back to the ELDT Theory outline where you can get started. Thank you

0.1 Getting Started (9/9)

Please read carefully below, failing to do so may result in an additional $215 charge for correcting customer errors during the checkout process.

As much as we don't want to charge this fee, to keep our prices at $25 per course we have had to hire additional staff to fix customers entering their information incorrectly so please help with preventing errors.

$25 Customer Error Charge - Implemented to cover the cost of ELDT customers submitting incorrect information to the FMCSA TPR. This charge will keep our prices at $25 per course. Without this fee, we would have to increase our prices for everyone.

When would I have to pay this $25 charge?

• Proper Email Address: Using an email address you can't access when registered resulting in your certificate of completion not emailing to an email you have access to.
• Driver's License: Not correctly putting in your current "Driver's License Number" and or "Permit number"
• State of Resident: Not putting in the correct state you live in that is on your current Driver's License.
• Date of Birth: Not putting your date of birth correctly.
• Your name: Failing to put your name in correctly. FMCSA does not require middle names. Do not put in your middle name. Place your FIRST NAME and LAST NAME only when checking out.

NOTE:

After your payment is processed your receipt is emailed to the email address you provided. Once you complete the course with a score of >80% you will be prompted to submit your results to the FMCSA TPR. When the page reloads your Certificate of Completion will appear and may be downloaded onto your device.

We do not nor do any training providers send your results to your local state DMV or DOL. Your local state DMV or DOL looks your results up in the FMCSA system. If all your information is correct, they will see your results. If any of your information does not match your current driver's license information, they cannot see your results.

Rebuttal

During the checkout process if you feel you have entered your information correctly and did not make a mistake, please let us know so we can provide proper documentation for you.

1.1 Orientation (1/10)

Basic Operation

This section will introduce you to the combination vehicle driver training course and the components of a combination vehicle.

It will provide a basic overview of:

• Components of a combination vehicle
• Safety fundamentals
• Essential regulatory requirements (e.g., an overview of FMCSRe and Hazardous Materials Regulations)
• Your responsibilities not directly related to CMV driving, such as proper cargo securement

  Overview of the applicability of State and local laws relating to the safe operation of the CMV:

• Stopping at weigh stations/scales
• Hazard awareness of vehicle size and weight limitations
• Low clearance areas (e.g., CMV height restrictions)
• Bridge formulas

You will learn ramifications, including driver disqualification provisions and fines, for non-compliance with parts 380, 382, 383, and 390 through 399 of the FMCSRs.

Please Note: All orientation sections are brief overviews of the information that will be covered in more detail throughout your theory course and hands-on training. These introductions are not meant to be comprehensive as they are covered in more detail later. This is an introduction that will lay a foundation of basic knowledge and terminology that will be built on throughout your course.

Let's get started!

1.1 Orientation (10/10)

A trucker gets lost one day and as luck would have it, he comes to low bridge and gets stuck under it...cars are backed up for miles behind him....

Eventually, a cop car pulls up, the officer gets out and walks up, laughing hysterically and pointing at the trucker.

He puts his hands on his hips and says with a chuckle, "Got stuck, eh?"

The trucker replies, "No sir, not at all, you see, I was delivering this bridge when I ran out of gas..."

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (1/27)

Control Systems / Dashboard

This section introduces vehicle instruments, controls, and safety components.

You will learn:

• How to read gauges and instruments correctly.
• The proper use of vehicle safety components, including safety belts and mirrors.
• How to identify, locate, and explain the function of each of the primary and secondary controls including those required for:
  • Steering
  • Accelerating
  • Shifting
  • Braking systems (e.g., ABS, hydraulic, air)

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (2/27)

Primary and Secondary Controls

Primary controls are the controls used to operate and control the movement of a commercial motor vehicle, including steering, accelerating, shifting, braking, and parking.

Primary Controls

Depending on the type of commercial motor vehicle and transmission, primary controls may include:

Steering wheel
Accelerator pedal
Brake pedal
Clutch pedal
Gear shifter
Range selector and splitter
Parking brake control/valve
Trailer hand valve
Secondary Controls and Safety Systems
Turn signals
Headlights and other exterior lighting
Windshield wipers and washers
Horn
Heater and defroster controls
Mirrors and mirror controls
Emergency equipment
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

Secondary Controls

•⁠ ⁠*Turn signals*
•⁠ ⁠*Headlights and other exterior lighting*
•⁠ ⁠*Windshield wipers and washers*
•⁠ ⁠*Horn*
•⁠ ⁠*Heater and defroster controls*
•⁠ ⁠*Mirrors and mirror controls*
•⁠ ⁠*Emergency equipment*

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (3/27)

Secondary Controls

Secondary controls are the instruments, gauges, and other components that are used to help you operate your vehicle.

Diagnostic Instruments

• Tachometer
• Speedometer
• Odometer
• Oil pressure gauge
• Ammeter/voltmeter
• Engine/coolant/water temperature gauge
• Primary and secondary air pressure gauges
• Controls That Help with Visibility

• Windshield
• Wipers
• Mirror and defroster heaters
• Vehicle lights
• Controls Used for Communication

• Left and right turn signals
• Four-way flashers
• High beams
• Brake lights
• City and air horn
• Radios

You should become familiar with all the secondary controls in your vehicle and learn how to use them.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (5/27)

Gauges

The next section will review dash gauges and what each one does.

Tachometer

Shows engine Revolutions Per Minute (RPMs).

Verify:

• The tachometer is functioning properly.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (6/27)

Speedometer

Tells you your speed of travel in miles per hour.

Verify:

• The speedometer is functioning properly.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (7/27)

Odometer

Tells you how many miles are on your vehicle. You can also use it to track mileage using the trip feature similar to your personal vehicle.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (8/27)

Oil Pressure

Tells you your engine oil pressure per inch (PSI).

Verify:

• With the key in the "on" position and the engine running, make sure the oil pressure gauge is working and is building to normal. The safe operating PSI varies based on the manufacturer. Check your vehicle manual for the safe operating rage specific to your CMV.
• Check that the pressure gauge shows increasing or normal oil pressure or that the warning light goes off.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (9/27)

Ammeter/Voltmeter

Both gauges show how many volts or amps the alternator is outputting. The output being monitored shows your battery is being charged properly by your alternator. Typically your vehicle will have one or the other, but some may have both.

Higher or lower than normal readings are signs of problems and can shorten the life of your battery. Consult your vehicle's operating manual to determine what is a normal range for your vehicle.

Verify:

• With the key on and engine running, check that the volt gauge shows alternator/voltmeter/generator is charging or that the warning light is off.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (10/27)

Engine/Coolant/Water Temperature Gauge

This gauge measures the temperature of the water and coolant in the engine block. It lets you know the temperature of your engine. By using this gauge, you can prevent your vehicle's engine from overheating. Typically an engine runs about 170-195 degrees Fahrenheit, but this can vary depending on the manufacturer. Consult your manual for specific ranges for your vehicle.

Verify:

• With the key on and the engine running, ensure the temperature gauge is working properly.
• Temperature should begin to climb to the normal operating range or temperature warning light should be off.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (11/27)

Primary and Secondary Air Pressure Gauges (air1/air2)

These gauges measure and display the pressure of air per square inch (PSI) in each air tank. It is unsafe to operate a CMV without a sufficient air supply. Typically a warning light or buzzer will signal you if your pressure has dropped below 60 PSI. If pressure drops between 20 and 40 PSI, the tractor protection valve will close automatically stopping the air from going out of the tractor.

Verify:

• With the key on and the engine running, make sure the air gauge or gauges are working properly.
• Build air pressure to governor cut-out, roughly 120-140 psi, or as specified by the manufacturer.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (13/27)

Dash Switches and How to Operate Them

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (14/27)

Marker Lamps/Interrupter Light

Marker lights are on the top and sides of your vehicle. This switch allows you to turn on the marker lights. It also allows you to brake/interrupt the marker light circuit, temporarily turning them off, without disrupting the headlights.

These lights can be used for communication with other vehicles around you.

Verify:

• Before you begin your trip, use the switch to turn on the marker lights and check to ensure they are functioning properly.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (15/27)

Headlight Switch

The headlight switch is a three-way switch that turns lights off, turns just the parking lights on, or turns all lights on.

Verify:

• Before you begin your trip, use the switch in all three modes to check and ensure the lights headlights and parking lights are functioning properly.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (16/27)

Panel Dimmer Switch

This switch allows you to adjust the brightness of your gauges. It is most useful at night. You can prevent glare and improve your visibility by dimming the brightness of your panel gauges.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (17/27)

Windshield Wipers and Windshield Washer

• Push the top button in to turn the wipers on/off.
• Switching the button up or down will change the speed of the wipers.
• Push the lower button in to spray windshield washer fluid to wash your windshield.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (18/27)

Cruise Control

The *cruise ON/OFF switch* turns the cruise control ON or OFF. With the cruise switch ON, you can set your speed using the *cruise SET switch*.

After the speed is set, you can use the switch to adjust the cruise speed faster or slower. Cruise control can typically be canceled by applying the *brake pedal* or *clutch pedal*, depending on the vehicle.

Some trucks may also allow the cruise control switches to be used to set a higher engine idle speed. This feature is not available on all trucks. Always follow the vehicle manufacturer's instructions.

*Safety Note:* Do not use cruise control when road or traffic conditions do not allow you to maintain a constant speed safely.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (19/27)

Fog Light Switch

This switch turns your fog lights ON and OFF.

Verify:

• Before you begin your trip, use the switch in all three modes to check and ensure the lights headlights and parking lights are functioning properly.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (20/27)

Engine Brake Switch

• The brake ON/OFF switch turns your engine brake ON and OFF.
• The brake select switch allows you to change the power setting of your engine brake. The engine brake switch may look different depending on the vehicle you drive. Some will use numbers for the power settings and some will use words. The engine brake power settings are:

1. Low (weakest setting)
2. Medium
3. High (strongest setting)

Engine braking, also known as compression braking, is a process that should be used with CMVs. Semi carry a lot of extra weight, which makes it harder for them to slow down. Utilizing engine breaks can help you slow down more quickly and prevent wear and tear on your regular braking system. We will discuss engine braking in further detail when you learn about mountain driving.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (21/27)

Diagnostic Switch (DIAG)

This switch is used for diagnostics on your truck. This switch is primarily used by your mechanic to check the engine codes when the check engine light comes on.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (22/27)

Heated Mirror Switch

This switch turns your heated mirrors ON and OFF. It is great to melt the ice or frost off your mirrors for better visibility.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (23/27)

Mirror Adjustment Control Knob

If your vehicle is equipped with this knob, it allows you to adjust your power mirrors.

1. You would twist the joystick left or right to select which side you want to adjust.
2. You would move the joystick up, down, left, and right to adjust your mirrors.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (26/27)

Conclusion

Take a moment to learn all the instruments and gauges when getting into a CMV for the very first time. Do not operate your vehicle until you are familiar with each instrument and component.

If an emergency arises, you will not have time to learn or locate an instrument that could prevent an accident. You should be able to sit in the driver's seat and only need a quick glance to check or use any vehicle instruments.

1.2 Control Systems / Dashboard (27/27)

What is a Truckers favorite part about the movies?

The trailer

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (1/53)

Vehicle Inspections

This lesson teaches you where and how to conduct pre-trip, enroute, and post-trip inspections as specified in CFRs $\S$ 392.7 and 396.1.

You Will Learn:

• Required in cab documentation
• Pre-trip inspections: before you leave on your trip
• Enroute inspections: during your trip
• Post-trip inspections: after your trip

NOTE: The pre-trip in this section goes over the fundamentals of what components to check and what to look for. All states have slight differences that could result in loss of points or failing the final exam if done incorrectly. It is important to check your state CDL manual for guidance on learning the required pre-trip inspection for the final exam in your state.

Check out our ELDT YouTube Channel for Visual Pre-trip Inspections

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (2/53)

Vehicle Inspections

A vehicle inspection should be conducted before, during, and after your trip. Vehicle inspections are vital to your safety and public safety; they help you find problems that could cause a crash or breakdown. During your inspections:

• Watch gauges for signs of trouble
• Use your senses to check for problems (look, listen, smell, feel).
• Check critical items before you leave and when you stop:
  • Tires, wheels, and rims
  • Brakes
  • Lights and reflectors
  • Brake and electrical connections to trailer
  • Trailer coupling devices
  • Cargo securement devices

Inspection Reports:

You will use itemized inspection sheets that will be tailored to your equipment and needs. If you work for an employer, they will provide you with the inspection sheets they want you to use. If you are an owner operator, you will need to choose an inspection sheet that works best for you.

You should complete a vehicle inspection report pre-trip and post-trip. It may include filling out a vehicle condition report listing any problems you find. The inspection report helps a motor carrier know when the vehicle needs repairs and helps to ensure compliance and safety.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (4/53)

What to Look For

Tire Problems

• Too much or too little air pressure.
• Bad wear. You need at least 4/32 inch tread depth in every major groove on front tires. You need 2/32 inches on other tires. No fabric should show through the tread or sidewall.
• Cuts or other damage.

Tread separation

• Dual tires that come in contact with each other or parts of the vehicle.
• Mismatched sizes.
• Radial and bias-ply tires used together.
• Cut or cracked valve stems.
• Re grooved recapped, or retreaded tires on the front wheels of a bus are prohibited.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (6/53)

Wheels and Rims

Make sure your wheels and rims are in good working order. Defective equipment can cause accidents and emergencies.

During Your Inspection Check For:

• Damaged rims.
• Rust around wheel nuts. This may mean the nuts are loose; check tightness. After a tire has been changed, stop a short while later and re-check the tightness of the nuts.
• Missing clamps, spacers, studs, or lugs.
• Mismatched, bent, or cracked lock rings.
• Wheels or rims that have had welding repairs. These are illegal and not safe.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (7/53)

Brake Drums and Shoes

Make sure your brake drums and shoes are in good working order. Defective equipment can cause accidents and emergencies.

During Your Inspection Check For:

• Cracked drums.
• Shoes or pads with oil, grease, or brake fluid on them.
• Shoes that are worn dangerously thin, missing, or broken.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (8/53)

Steering System

Make sure your steering system is in good working order. Defective equipment can cause accidents and emergencies.

During Your Inspection Check For:

• Missing nuts, bolts, cotter keys, or other parts.
• Bent, loose, or broken parts, such as steering column, steering gearbox, or tie rods.
• If your CMV is equipped with power steering, check the hoses, pumps, and fluid level; check for leaks.
• Steering wheel play of more than 10 degrees (approximately 2 inches movement at the rim of a 20-inch steering wheel). This can make it hard to steer.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (9/53)

Suspension System

Make sure your suspension system is in good working order. Defective equipment can cause accidents and emergencies. The suspension system holds up the vehicle and its load. It keeps the axles in place. Therefore, broken suspension parts can be extremely dangerous.

During Your Inspection Check For:

• Spring hangers that allow movement of the axle from the proper position.
• Cracked or broken spring hangers.
• Missing or broken leaves in any leaf spring. If one-fourth or more are missing, it will put the vehicle "out of service," but any defect could be dangerous.
• Broken leaves in a multi-leaf spring or leaves that have shifted so they might hit a tire or other part.
• Leaking shock absorbers.
• Torque rod or arm, U-bolts, spring hangers, or other axle positioning parts that are cracked, damaged or missing.
• Any loose, cracked, broken, or missing frame members.
• Air suspension systems that are damaged and/or leaking.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (10/53)
Air Suspension Parts

Exhaust System

Make sure your *exhaust system* is in good working order. A *damaged or leaking exhaust system* can allow *harmful exhaust gases* to enter the cab or sleeper berth.

 During Your Inspection, Check For:

•⁠ ⁠*Loose, broken, or missing exhaust pipes, mufflers, tailpipes, or vertical stacks*
•⁠ ⁠*Loose, broken, or missing mounting brackets, clamps, bolts, or nuts*
•⁠ ⁠*Exhaust system parts rubbing against fuel system parts, tires, or other moving parts of the vehicle*
•⁠ ⁠*Exhaust system parts that are leaking*

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (11/53)

Emergency Equipment

Vehicles must be equipped with emergency equipment. If you are pulled over for a roadside inspection, you could be put out of service if you do not have the proper emergency equipment in your vehicle.

During Your Inspection Check For:

• Fire extinguisher(s).
• Spare electrical fuses unless equipped with a circuit breaker.
• Warning devices for parked vehicles: three reflective warning triangles or three liquid burning flares.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (12/53)

Cargo (Trucks)

During Your Inspection Check:

• That the truck is not overloaded and secured.
• The cargo is balanced and secured.
• If the cargo contains hazardous materials, you must inspect for proper papers and placarding.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (13/53)

CDL Pre-Trip Vehicle Inspection Test

To obtain a CDL, you will be required to pass a vehicle inspection test. The pre-trip vehicle inspection test, demonstrates you have the necessary foundation of knowledge to determine whether your vehicle is safe to drive. You will be asked to do a vehicle inspection of your vehicle and explain to the examiner what you would inspect and why.

NOTE: You must point to/touch and name the item you are inspecting. You cannot leave your hands in your pocket.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (14/53)

Do All States Do Their Pre-trip the Same During the Final Exam?

The answer is a BIG NO! Though the general content of the pre-trip inspection is the same, each state does theirs differently. Some states have you start outside the cab and some have you start inside the cab. Your training provider will be able to provide you with the proper pre-trip material; you must follow the pre-trip that was given to you by your training provider. If you are studying the pre-trip before attending formal training, use the CDL manual of the state you live in to prepare you for your state's specific pre-trip.

Note: States also update pre-trips yearly and make small changes; be careful when watching YouTube videos or reading out-of-date material.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (15/53)

Perfect Pre-trip the First Time

Conducting your pre-trip exactly how your state examiner wants is the difference between passing and failing. Listen to your instructors and follow their guidance.

Below Are Some Common Questions Students Ask When Learning the Pretrip:

• Do I have to remember the whole pre-trip?
  • Answer: YES
• Does it have to be word for word as described on the pre-trip guide?
  • Answer: YES
• Can I do the pre-trip differently because I want to or because it makes more sense to me a different way?
  • Answer: NO
• Can I wait till the end of my training to learn the pre-trip?
  • Answer: NO

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (16/53)

How to Conduct an Inspection

You should do a vehicle inspection the same way each time. Learning all the steps in order will help your inspection become habitual, making it less likely for you to forget something.

When Approaching the Vehicle:

• Note general condition - look for damage or vehicle leaning to one side.
• Look under the vehicle for fresh oil, coolant, grease, or fuel leaks.
• Check the area around the vehicle for hazards to vehicle movement (people, other vehicles, objects, low-hanging wires, limbs, etc.).

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (17/53)

Vehicle Overview - Review Last Vehicle Inspection Report.

Drivers may have to make a vehicle inspection report in writing each day. The motor carrier must repair any items in the report that affect safety and certify on the report that repairs were made or were unnecessary. You must sign the report only if defects were noted and certified to be repaired or not needed to be repaired.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (18/53)

Check Engine Compartment

Before checking the engine compartment, check that the parking brakes are on and/or wheels are chocked.

During Your Inspection Check:

• Engine oil level.
• Coolant level in the radiator; the condition of the hoses.
• Power steering fluid level; the condition of the hoses (if so equipped).
• Windshield washer fluid level.
• Battery fluid level, connections, and tie-downs (battery may be located elsewhere).
• Automatic transmission fluid level; may require the engine to be running.
• Check belts for tightness and excessive wear: alternator, water pump, and air compressor. Learn how much "give" the belts should have when adjusted right and check each one.
• For leaks in the engine compartment: fuel, coolant, oil, power steering fluid, hydraulic fluid, and battery fluid.
• For cracked or worn electrical wiring insulation.
• Lower and secure hood, cab, or engine compartment door.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (20/53)

In-Cab Inspection

Engine Start

• Enter the cab using three points of contact.
• Make sure the parking brake is on.
• Put the gear shifter in neutral or "park" if the vehicle is an automatic.
• Start the engine; listen for unusual noises.
• If equipped, check the anti-lock braking system (ABS) indicator lights. The light on the dash should come on and then turn off. If it stays on, the ABS is not working properly. For trailers only, if the yellow light on the left rear of the trailer stays on, the ABS is not working properly.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (22/53)

In-Cab Inspection

Look at the Gauges

• Oil pressure-Should come up to normal within seconds after the engine is started.
• Air pressure-Pressure should build from 50 to 90 psi within 3 minutes. Build air pressure to governor cut-out usually around 120 - 140 psi. Know your vehicle's requirements.
• Ammeter and/or voltmeter-Should be in the normal range(s). Know your vehicle's range.
• Coolant temperature-Should begin gradual rise to normal operating range.
• Engine oil temperature-Should begin gradual rise to normal operating range.
• Warning lights and buzzers-Oil, coolant, charging circuit warning, and antilock brake system lights should go out right away.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (24/53)

In-Cab Inspection

Check Condition of Controls

Check all of the following for looseness, sticking, damage, or improper setting:

• Steering wheel
• Clutch
• Accelerator ("gas pedal")

Brake Controls

• Foot brake
• Trailer brake if the vehicle has one.
• Parking brake
• Retarder (jake brake) controls if the vehicle has them.

Transmission controls

• Interaxle differential lock if the vehicle has one.

Check Instruments and gauges

• Horn(s)
• Windshield wiper/washer
• Lights
• Headlights
• Dimmer switch
• Turn signals
• Four-way flashers
• Parking, clearance, identification, and marker lights

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (25/53)

Check Mirrors and Windshield

Inspect mirrors and windshield for cracks, dirt, illegal stickers, or other obstructions to see clearly. Clean and adjust as necessary.

NOTE: A clean windshield is a clear view of the world you drive in. Take an extra minute and make sure all mirrors and your windshield are clean before starting your trip. Early morning sun can create a glare that could prevent you from seeing in front of you.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (27/53)

Check Emergency and Optional Equipment

Check for the Following Required Safety Equipment:

• Spare electrical fuses (unless the vehicle has circuit breakers)
• Three rod reflective triangles or 3 liquid burning flares
• Properly charged & rated fire extinguisher

Check for Optional Items:

• Chains (where winter conditions require)
• Tire changing equipment
• List of emergency phone numbers
• Accident reporting kit (packet)

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Check Safety Belt

Check that the safety belt is securely mounted, adjusts, latches properly and is not ripped or frayed.

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Turn OFF Engine And Check Lights

• Make sure the parking brake is set.
• Turn off the engine, and take the key with you.
• Turn on headlights (low beam) and four-way emergency flashers and get out of the vehicle.

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Do Walk-Around Inspection

• Go to the front of the vehicle and check that low beams are on and both of the four-way flashers are working.
• Push the dimmer switch and check that the high beams work.
• Turn off the headlights and four-way emergency flashers.
• Turn on parking, clearance, side-marker, and identification lights.
• Turn on the right turn signal and start the walk around inspection.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (31/53)

General

Walk around and inspect.

Clean all lights, reflectors, and glass as you go along.

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Walk-Around Inspection

Left Front Side

• Driver's door glass should be clean.
• Door latches or locks should work properly.

Left front wheel

• Check the condition of the left front wheel and rim for—missing, bent, broken studs, clamps, lugs, or any signs of misalignment.
• Check the condition of the tire—properly inflated; valve stem and cap OK; no serious cuts, bulges, or tread wear.
• Use wrench to test rust-streaked lug nuts, indicating looseness.
• Hub oil level OK; no leaks.

Left Front Suspension

• Condition of spring, spring hangers, shackles.
• U-bolts.
• Shock absorber condition.

Left front brake

• Condition of brake drum or disc.
• Condition of hoses.

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Front Walk-Around Inspection

Check the Condition of the Front Axle and Steering System:

• No loose, worn, bent, damaged, or missing parts.
• Must grab steering mechanism to test for looseness.

Check the Condition of the Windshield:

• Check for damage and clean if dirty.
• Check windshield wiper arms for proper spring tension.
• Check wiper blades for damage, "stiff" rubber, and securement.

Check the Condition of the Lights and Reflectors:

• Parking, clearance, and identification lights clean, operating, and proper color (amber at the front).
• Reflectors clean and proper color (amber at the front).
• Right front turn signal light clean, operating, and proper color (amber or white on signals facing forward).

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Right Side Walk-Around Inspection

Check all items as done on the left front in addition to the ones listed below:

Check Right Fuel Tank(s)

• Securely mounted, not damaged, or leaking.
• Fuel crossover line secure.
• Tank(s) contain enough fuel.
• Cap(s) on and secure.

Check Condition of Visible Parts:

• Rear of the engine is not leaking.
• Transmission is not leaking.
• Exhaust system is secure, not leaking, not touching wires, fuel, or air lines.
• Frame and cross members are not bent or cracked.
• Air lines and electrical wiring secured against snagging, rubbing, wearing.

Spare tire carrier or rack not damaged (if so equipped)

• Spare tire and/or wheel securely mounted in the rack.
• Spare tire and wheel adequate (proper size, properly inflated).

Cargo securement (trucks)

• Cargo properly blocked, braced, tied, chained, etc.
• Header board adequate secure (if required).
• Sidewalls, stakes strong enough, free of damage, properly set in place (if so equipped).
• Canvas or tarp (if required) properly secured to prevent tearing, billowing or blocking of mirrors.
• If oversize, all required signs (flaps, lamps, and reflectors) are safely and properly mounted and all required permits are in the driver's possession.
• Curbside cargo compartment doors in good condition; securely closed, latched/locked, and require security seals in place.

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Right Rear Walk-Around Inspection

Check the Condition of Wheels and Rims:

• No missing, bent, or broken spacers, studs, clamps, or lugs.

Check the Condition of Tires:

• properly inflated, valve stems and caps OK, no serious cuts, bulges, tread wear, tires not rubbing each other, and nothing stuck between them.

• Tires same type, e.g., not mixed radial and bias types.

• Tires evenly matched (same sizes).

• Wheel bearing/seals not leaking.

Check Condition of Suspension:

• Condition of spring(s), spring hangers, shackles, and U-bolts.

• Condition of air ride components.

Check the Condition of the Axle is Secure:

• Powered axle(s) not leaking lube (gear oil).

• Condition of torque rod arms, bushings.

• Condition of shock absorber(s).

• If retractable axle equipped, check the condition of the lift mechanism. If air powered, check for leaks.

Check Condition of Brakes:

• Brakes are adjusted properly.

• Condition of the brake drum(s) or discs.

• Condition of hoses -- look for any wear due to rubbing.

Condition of Lights and Reflectors:

• Side-marker lights clean, operating, and proper color (red at rear, others amber).

• Side marker reflectors clean and proper color (red at rear, others amber).

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Rear Walk-Around Inspection

Conditions of Lights and Reflectors:

Rear clearance and identification lights clean, operating, and proper color (red at rear).

Reflectors clean and proper color (red at rear).

Taillights clean, operating, and proper color (red at rear).

Right rear turn signal operating, and proper color (red, yellow, or amber at rear).

License plate(s) present, clean, and secured.

Splash guards are present, not damaged, properly fastened, not dragging on the ground, or rubbing tires.

Check That Cargo Is Secure (Trucks):

Cargo properly blocked, braced, tied, chained, etc.

Tailboards up and properly secured.

End gates free of damage, properly secured in stake sockets.

Canvas or tarp (if required) properly secured to prevent tearing, billowing or blocking of either the rearview mirrors or rear lights.

If over-length, or over-width, make sure all signs and/or additional lights/flags are safely and properly mounted and all required permits are in driver’s possession.

Rear doors securely closed, latched/locked.

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Left Side Walk-Around Inspection

Check all items as done on the right side, in addition to the ones listed below:

• Battery or batteries (if not mounted in the engine compartment).
• Battery box or boxes securely mounted to the vehicle.
• Box has a secure cover.
• Batteries secured against movement.
• Batteries not broken or leaking.
• Fluid in batteries at the proper level (except maintenance-free type).
• Cell caps present and securely tightened (except maintenance-free type).
• Vents in cell caps free of foreign material (except maintenance-free type).

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Check Signal Lights

• Get into the vehicle using three points of contact.
• Turn off all lights.
• Turn on stop lights (apply trailer hand brake or have a helper put on the brake pedal).
• Turn on left turn signal lights.
• Get out and check lights
  • Left front turn signal light clean, operating, and proper color (amber or white on signals facing the front).
  • Left rear turn signal light and both stop lights clean, operating, and proper color (red, yellow, or amber).

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Get In Vehicle

• Check for all required papers, trip manifests, permits, etc.

Some Examples

• Drivers license on you
• Medical card if it has not been electronically summited to your state
• Vehicle registration and/or Cab card
• Insurance card-verify your insurance card is not expired
• Any documents pertaining to your cargo
• If hauling hazmat material, make sure you have all your proper documentation and placards.

New Commercial Learner Permit (CLP) Holders Checklist

• Driver's license
• Commercial Learners Permit
  • Verify your learners permit represents the vehicle you will be operating.
  • Verify you do not have any restrictions on your CLP
• Medical card on you, if it has not been electronically submitted to your state agency
  • Verify your medical card is not expired
  • Verify that the box in the bottom right corner of your Medical card is checked yes for CLP
  • If you obtained your CLP, after getting your medical card it might not be checked.

Make sure to secure all loose articles in cab; they might interfere with operation of the controls or hit you in a crash.

NOTE: In the winter do not place your chains inside the cab of your truck. If an accident happens, Chains weight around 60 pounds and during an accident could hit you causing serious injury.

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*Start the Engine and Check the Brake System

Combination Vehicles with Air Brakes:

• Verify your air pressure is below 90 psi.
• This will ensure the air compressor will turn on and build up to the required PSI.
• With the engine running, build the air pressure up to the governed cut-out of 120-140 psi (operational level).
• Shut the engine off, chocks wheels if necessary, and turn the ignition key back to the “ON” or “battery charge” position. (If the key is not in the on position the low air warning buzzer will not sound)
• Release the tractor protection valve and parking brakes by pushing both valves in.

NOTE: If your trailer did not have air in the system, it may bleed down to the warning buzzer to fully fill the trailer air system. $\text{If that happens, start your air supply test over from the beginning once the air equalizes.}$

• Fully apply the foot brake
• Once the air gauges equalize (stop moving) note your current PSI in both primary and secondary gauges to verify how much PSI you loose
• Hold the foot brake steady for one (1) minute.
• Check the air gauge to see if the air pressure drops
• *If you are in a single vehicle you will lose (3 PSI) $\text{\&}$ (4 PSI) in a Combination Vehicle
• $\text{After one (1) minute compare your starting PSI with your current PSI. If the drop is more than the allowed amount, there is a defect in your system.}$

$\text{Contact your supervisor or mechanic to repair the defect.}$

Low Air Alarm Check

• Make sure the engine is off and the ignition key is in the “ON” position.
• Fan (pump) the brake pedal to lower the air pressure in the system.
• The low-air warning devices (buzzer, light) should activate before air pressure drops below approximately 60 PSI.

Tractor Protection Valve/Spring Brake Check

• Continue to fan off the air pressure.
• The tractor protection valve and parking brake valve should close (pop out) when the pressure in the system drops between 20 and 45 psi.
• Visually verify both valves have popped out. If only one pops out continue to fan air until both have popped.
• Single vehicles will have only the tractor protection valve.

Once BOTH valves close (pop out) test is over.

$\text{Contact your supervisor or mechanic to repair the defect.}$

ATTENTION

$\text{If you choose to not repair your air supply system defect, you will be put out-of-service or worse cause an accident that could put your life and others in danger.}$

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Will airbrake checks respond the same on all vehicles?

Air brake check procedures vary from vehicle to vehicle and different drivers may have learned different procedures; however, all procedures are designed to confirm that the correct safety devices operate at the appropriate times as the air pressure drops from "normal" to "very low." Not all valves will pop out on every vehicle, but an audible discharge of air should be recognizable.

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Test for Hydraulic Leaks

If the vehicle has hydraulic brakes, pump the brake pedal three times. Then apply firm pressure to the pedal and hold for five seconds. The pedal should not move. If it does, there may be a leak or other problem.

Get it fixed before driving.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (44/53)

Brake System

Test Parking Brake(s)

• Fasten safety belt.
• Set parking brake (power unit only).
• Release trailer parking brake (if applicable).
• Place vehicle into a low gear.
• Gently pull forward against the parking brake to make sure the parking brake holds.
• Repeat the same steps for the trailer with trailer parking brake- set and power unit parking brakes released (if applicable).
• If it doesn't hold the vehicle, it is faulty; get it fixed.

Test Service Brake Stopping Action

• Go about five miles per hour.
• Push brake pedal firmly.
• "Pulling" to one side or the other can mean brake trouble.
• Any unusual brake pedal "feel" or delayed stopping action can mean trouble.
• If you find anything unsafe during the vehicle inspection, get it fixed. Federal and state laws forbid operating an unsafe vehicle.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (45/53)

Test Trailer Service Brake (If so equipped)

In many truck/tractors equipped with air brakes, the trailer brake valve - also known as a Trolley Valve or "Johnson Bar" is a device used to apply the service brakes on a trailer gradually. It does NOT activate the brakes on the tractor.

This braking device is activated by pulling down on a handle usually located on the steering column or dashboard. It may be spring-loaded so the driver will have a feel for the braking action. The more he/she moves the control lever, the harder the trailer brakes come on. The system allows drivers to activate and control the trailer brakes independently from the tractor brakes.

To Test the Trailer Brake System

• Release the parking brake(s)

• Pull the Trolley Valve handle all the way down

• Gently pull forward against the brake to make sure it will hold the trailer.

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Inspection During a Trip

Check vehicle operation regularly! It is very important that you make a quick walk around to look for problems when you stop your truck or bus during your trip.

You should check:

• Instruments.

• Air pressure gauge (if you have air brakes).

• Temperature gauges.

• Pressure gauges.

• Ammeter/voltmeter.

• Mirrors.

• Tires.

• Cargo, cargo straps or securement, cargo tarps or covers.

• Lights, etc.

If you see, hear, smell, or feel anything that might mean trouble, check it out.

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Safety Inspection

When transporting cargo, you must inspect the securement of the cargo within the first 50 miles of a trip and every 150 miles or every three hours (whichever comes first) after.

This is a very important part of being a professional driver. Often cargo will move slightly or settle during the first part of a trip. By making careful checks on cargo securement, you can avoid losing all or part of your load and possibly injuring someone or damaging property.

1.3 Vehicle Inspections (51/53)

Post-trip (After Trip) Inspection and Report (DVIR)

You may have to make a written report each day on the condition of the vehicle(s) you drove. Report anything affecting safety or possibly leading to mechanical breakdown. Here is an example of an Inspection Report.
The form is also called a Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR). DVIR.pdf 

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Conclusion

• Your pre-trip inspection is one of the most important tasks you will do as a truck driver.

• Sitting in that driver's seat means you've checked every component on that truck to the best of your abilities to make sure it is 100% safe for the public and you.

• The day you don't do your pre-trip is the day you put someone else's life in jeopardy.

DO YOUR PRE-TRIP SAVE LIVES

1.4 Basic Control (1/9)

Basic Control

This section will introduce basic vehicular control and handling as it applies to combination vehicles.
Section will address:

• Centering the vehicle

• Basic combination vehicle controls in areas such as executing sharp left and right turns

• Maneuvering in restricted areas

• Entering and exiting the interstate or controlled access highway

1.4 Basic Control (2/9)

Centering Your Vehicle

Commercial vehicles take up most of their lane space. Safe drivers will manage what little space they have by keeping their vehicle centered in their lane and will avoid driving alongside others. Staying centered while driving down the lane will help you keep a safe distance from vehicles and potential hazards on both sides of the vehicle. The wider the vehicle, the less room you have for error.

Strong winds can also make it difficult to stay centered in your lane, especially for lighter vehicles or when exiting tunnels. If you can avoid it, do not drive alongside others.

Question: Which of the following statements is true about wider vehicles?

Please send me the following screenshot—slide 3/9—so I can see the answer options and the explanation.

1.4 Basic Control (3/9)

Left and Right Turns

The space around your vehicle is important when performing any maneuver. Larger vehicles can off-track and hit objects when turns are not set up properly. To prevent accidents, watching your vehicle until it has completely passed all objects will ensure a successful maneuver is performed. The second you take your eyes off before the turn is complete is the second a potential accident happens. By paying attention to your equipment, you can stop the vehicle before coming in contact with any object.

Right Turns

Here are some rules to help prevent right-turn crashes:

• Turn slowly to give yourself and others more time to avoid problems.

• If you are driving a truck or bus that cannot make the right turn without swinging into another lane, turn wide as you complete the turn.

• Keep the rear of your vehicle close to the curb. This will stop other drivers from passing you on the right.

• Don't turn wide to the left as you start the turn. A following driver may think you are turning left and try to pass you on the right. You may crash into the other vehicle as you complete your turn.

• If you must cross into the oncoming lane to make a turn, watch out for vehicles coming toward you. Give them room to go by or to stop. Don't back up for them, because you might hit someone behind you.

• Watch the rear of your equipment through the turn. Do not take your eyes off it until the rear of your equipment is past all objects you could potentially hit.

Left Turns

1.4 Basic Control (5/9)

Maneuvering Close Quarters

Whether your navigating tight corners on the road, potential hazards in front of you, or small parking lots, looking ahead and knowing where your equipment is at all times will reduce possible accidents and prevent you from getting stuck.

Scan before you Go

Entering tight quarters before having an exit strategy can be a recipe for disaster. Before entering close quarters, scan the area ahead for potential hazards, a safe place to turn around, or an exit that will work for your vehicle. If you are unable to scan ahead, take a couple of minutes and walk the area to assess the situation and make a game plan. During this time you can also check for moving objects that might enter the area and block you (e.g. forklifts, other trucks, cars, or pedestrians).

Stay Alert, Use Mirrors, Look Up and Down

Now that you have your game plan, it's time to enter the close quarters. Begin by scanning side to side, use your mirrors, and make sure your equipment is clearing all objects you pass. Look up scanning for building awnings, tree branches, light poles, and any other objects above your head. Look down scanning for debris in your path, small objects moving out of place, and pedestrians.

If you don't have to back up to a loading dock, do your best to position your vehicle to make exiting the area safer. If you leave your vehicle in a position where potential vehicles could block your exit, you might be stuck for a while. Getting back on the road will be easier and safer if you place your truck in the path of least resistance.

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Entering and Exiting the Interstate or Controlled Access Highway

Before entering any highway or interstate follow these simple guidelines:

• Check traffic.

• Use proper signals.

• Merge smoothly into the proper lane of traffic.

• Choose proper lane positioning, vehicle spacing, and vehicle speed.

Once on the interstate:

• Maintain proper lane positioning, vehicle spacing, and vehicle speed.

• Continue to check traffic thoroughly in all directions.

When exiting the interstate:

• Make necessary traffic checks.

• Use proper signals.

• Decelerate smoothly in the exit lane.

• Once on the exit ramp, you must continue to decelerate within the lane markings and maintain adequate spacing between your vehicle and other vehicles.

1.4 Basic Control (9/9)

What's a truckers favorite kind of house?
The ones with the long haul ways!

1.5 Operating Transmissions (1/18)

Shifting / Operating Transmissions

This section will introduce shifting patterns and procedures to prepare you to safely and competently perform basic shifting maneuvers.

You will learn theory on how to:

• Shift up and down a non-synchronized transmission

• Techniques to reduce equipment damage

• Multi-speed dual-range transmissions 10.13.18 Speeds

• Importance of increased vehicle control

• Fuel economy achieved by utilizing proper shifting techniques

1.5 Operating Transmissions (2/18)

Understanding Unsynchronized Manual Transmissions

Most heavy vehicles with unsynchronized manual transmissions require double clutching to change gears. Before you learn to shift, you need to understand all the moving parts. Knowing what each part does will help you understand why you're doing what you're doing. This knowledge will also help you know what will cause damage to the transmission and how to extend the life of the transmission. Replacing a transmission in a big rig can range from $5,000 to $7,000 and replacing a clutch will roughly cost $2,500.

Let's Break Down the Process

1.5 Operating Transmissions (5/18)

What is Double Clutching?

To properly shift an unsynchronized transmission, you must do what is called double clutching. This is done by pressing the clutch twice. You will push it once to take it out of gear and once to put it back into gear.

1. Clutch to NEUTRAL

2. Clutch to GEAR

What about Foot Speed When Using the Clutch?

When shifting, your foot speed and hand speed should be the same. You also want to keep your foot and hand in sync by having the same speed for distance travel. If your foot goes too fast, it will be out of sync with your hand. If your foot goes too slow, your RPMs will need adjusting, because it took too long. Clutching and shifting should happen simultaneously in a synchronized motion, same speed in, same speed out.

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What Is a Shifter For?
A shifter is designed to place the vehicle into gear and out of gear. Car shifters are much smaller than semi-truck shifters. The semi shifters are much longer so you can reach them easily. However, they do not require more power to put them into gear. They require the same amount of force as a car shifter.

Handling the Shifter

• A Common Misconception- Most of you are familiar with a breaker bar, which is a tool designed to help get things such as bolts, unstuck. The longer the bar, the more force you can apply to get the object unstuck. Many new drivers mistakenly look at semi-shifters the same way. They think because it is longer, they can use more force. This is WRONG! Applying excessive and unnecessary force to the shifter, grinds gears and ruins your transmission! If you try to force shifts into gear, you can also damage or break components.

• **Proper Shifting-**It is important when you shift, to lightly place your hand on the shifter, and lightly move the shifter in and out of gear. A catchy way to think of it is to use 'princess fingers'.

Reminders Each Time You Shift

• The shifter is not a breaker bar; don't use it like one.

• ZERO force is needed to place the shifter into gear.

• Light pressure, correct RPMS, and road speed.

• Shifting improperly can damage the transmission causing thousands of dollars in repairs.

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Types of Shifting Patterns

10-Speed

• 5 gears on the low end, 5 gears on the high end

• Has a high and low range selector

  

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Types of Shifting Patterns

13-Speed

• 5 gears on the low end, 8 gears on the high end

• Has a high and low selector and a side-splitter

1.5 Operating Transmissions (9/18)

Types of Shifting Patterns

18-Speed

• 9 gears on the low end, 9 gears on the high end

• Has a high and low selector and a side-splitter

1.5 Operating Transmissions (10/18)

What is a Range Selector?
A selector is used to go from low to high gear

TIP: DO NOT pre-select low range unless you are traveling at speeds 15mph or less. If you do, you will hear a ZING noise coming from the floor. That noise is the synchronizer burning up. You will damage the equipment.

What is a Splitter-Selector?
Side-splitters are used to condense the shifting patterns. A side-splitter splits each gear you are in, allowing you to use the same shifting pattern for multiple gears.

What Is a Soft Wall?
The soft wall is a small spring that you compress when shifting into 1st, 6th, and Reverse HI and LO. When you leave 1st or 6th gear, the spring will move the shifter to the right preventing you from shifting straight into reverse.

1.5 Operating Transmissions (11/18)

Practice Your Rhythm

Now that you know the fundamentals, you can practice double-clutching and shifting with the motor off.

• Place your foot on the clutch, and press it in and out in a smooth fashion.

• Proper use of the clutch means double-clutching each shift and only pushing the clutch in 2-3 inches from the top.

• Remember, the speed of the clutch being pushed in should be the same speed the clutch is let out. Clutching and shifting should happen simultaneously in a synchronized motion, same speed in, same speed out.

Pro Tip: Some instructors have compared the double-clutching and shifting rhythm, to the one found in the infamous Adam's Family theme song...Da Da Da Dum.

1.5 Operating Transmissions (12/18)

Learning to Drive When You Are Not a Professional Yet
Learning to shift a non-synchronized transmission can be a very humbling experience. Not only do you have to drive a massive vehicle down the road and keep it in your lane without hitting anything or anyone, but you also have to shift at the same time while keeping your eyes forward.

In the next sections, we are going to talk you through the process of upshifting and downshifting. We are going to teach you in a way that will reduce your chances of grinding when trying to shift for the first time and also reduce your frustration level.
This will help you will learn quicker without abusing the equipment.

Most professionals will tell you to shift up when you get to1500rpms and downshift around 1100rpms. That works for the guys with years of experience, and will eventually work for you as you become a professional driver with more experience.

However, as a new driver, it is not best practice. You are working with more motor torque and faster-dropping RPMs, which makes it more difficult to learn the basics. You end up grinding more gears, you become more frustrated, and so will your instructor.
Thus, we will suggest shifting at lower RPMs when you are first learning to shift.

1.5 Operating Transmissions (13/18)

Your First Drive

Let's visualize. You're in the hot seat ready to try shifting on the road for the first time. The guy sitting next to you is your instructor. Let's call him Bob. Bob has been teaching new drivers for years.

Bob is a great instructor, extremely knowledgeable, and is excited to help you learn. As Bob goes through the basics of shifting, he gets lots of head nods and 'okays' from you.

As you start driving, everything Bob said seems to vanish. Your brain enters a black hole. All of a sudden, none of your limbs seem to be functioning properly. Welcome to learning how to drive a semi.

Growth Mindset
As your anxiety builds, your ability to control your motor functions goes away with it. When you are first learning to drive a CMV, it is important to understand you will NOT be good at it! Learning to drive a CMV will take time, practice, and patience. If you already knew how to do everything, you wouldn't be in training.

One of the best ways to approach new learning is with a growth mindset. It will help you reduce your stress, anxiety, and overall frustration. Having a growth mindset will ensure your training is successful and positive with minimal equipment abuse.

So What Is a Growth Mindset?

Think of your brain as a muscle. Your muscles get stronger by exercising and providing them with the right nutrients to grow. Your brain exercises by thinking and engaging in new experiences which form new connections and pathways in your brain. As you learn to drive a semi, there will be some 'productive struggle.' These new pathways in your brain will start as bumpy dirt roads with potholes!

You will read information and your instructor will teach you a new skill. Then you will be asked to apply these in the truck (e.g. making a righthand turn or merging onto a freeway). In most cases, there will be room for improvement.

YOU WON'T BE PERFECT! YOU ARE JUST STARTING TO LEARN TO DRIVE A CMV!

Turning Your Dirt Roads into Paved Highways
With continued practice, the new connections you are making in your brain will become stronger and easier to travel along. Essentially you are turning your dirt roads into paved highways as the new knowledge and skills you acquire become automatic.

Your instructor will provide you with constructive feedback that will help you continue to improve and grow. If you have a growth mindset, you will know and understand the importance of the struggle and will embrace the challenge with a positive mindset. With a growth mindset, you are ready to:

• Put in the effort: Your instructor cannot zap your brain and help you retain the new information. You know if you understand something or you don't. You will have to put in the effort! This means asking questions when you don't understand something. This means practicing over and over until you get it! Your instructor can't make you try or make you put in the effort. That is up to you! When you pay to take a course, you are paying for an opportunity to learn. The effort you put in determines how far you go and how much you learn. Don't waste the opportunity you paid for. Put in the effort needed to succeed.

• Persist through challenges and obstacles: You will encounter challenges along your learning journey. Embrace them with a positive mindset and know you can accomplish them with persistence and effort. Practice saying your pre-trip inspection until you could say it in your sleep. Practice your backing repeatedly until you nail your 90 consistently the first time. Stay focused and driven. Do not doubt yourself or your ability to learn the task at hand. When you reach an obstacle, tell yourself, "I am not there YET, but with more practice, I will accomplish what I set out to do."

• Learn from feedback: Your instructors are there to help you. Do not take their constructive feedback as criticism. Feedback is a gift. It tells us what is expected of us and what goals we should have. Take their feedback and turn it into your personal growth goals! You are here to learn. Set your pride aside and be open to their feedback because this is where true growth happens!

• Be inspired by others' success: Different aspects of your training might be more challenging for you than others. It is extremely difficult for humans not to get defensive when others tell us something we should work on. Our instinct is to provide an excuse for not getting it right or to shift the focus to someone else that is worse rather than accepting the challenge and opportunity for personal growth. When you are struggling and others seem to have it figured out, use them as your source of inspiration rather than giving up or being threatened by their success. You too will get there with persistence, practice, and the right mindset.

Recap
To reduce stress, anxiety, and frustration, it is important to understand you are learning and not expected to be good when you first start! Do not rush any of your training or think you need to move faster because other students are further in their learning. To be successful, you need to focus, put in the effort and listen to your instructor.
It's time to learn!

1.5 Operating Transmissions (14/18)

Higher RPMs also fall faster than lower RPMs, making it more difficult to shift as a new driver. To go back into gear, place the shifter back into gear at 700rpms

• Out of gear at 1100rpms

• Into gear at 700rpms

For Best Results
When learning how to shift, try to make each gear shift as one synchronized motion of your foot and hand with the same timing every shift. Think of a basketball player practicing at the free-throw line. The goal for him is to be perfect with every shot.

He practices the same motion over and over until he has the most consistent formula and hears that swish... nothing but net. You could also think of a musician learning to play the piano. The pianist must practice until both hands move separately but in sync to produce music that doesn't make you want to cover your ears. Every truck is a little different. You will need to practice shifting until you find your perfect rhythm with that truck.

How to Get in First Gear

• Make sure the truck is in neutral.

• Press clutch to the floor and do a Safety Start (press in clutch, place gear shifter in neutral, turn key to the on position. ABS light turns on then turns off, then start the truck).

• The truck is NOT in motion, so press the clutch to the floor activating the clutch brake.

• With just a couple of fingers, push the shifter into first gear.

• If there is resistance, keep the shifter pressed lightly against the gear and count to 5 (1.....2....3....4....5).

• After six seconds, the clutch brake will have slowed the driveshaft down so you can place it into gear without grinding.

• Remember, the clutch has to be to the floor (because you are NOT in motion) before you move the shifter to the in-gear position.

Tip: If the shifter still does not go into gear, ease back on the clutch slightly, and it will fall into gear.

IMPORTANT: DO NOT EVER GRIND OR FORCE A TRACTOR INTO GEAR. IF YOU ARE STRUGGLING ASK AN INSTRUCTOR OR ANOTHER DRIVER.

1.5 Operating Transmissions (18/18)

My dads a trucker so he applied for a job at Microsoft

Apparently they are looking for more drivers.

1.6 Backing & Docking (1/9)

Backing and G.O.A.L – Get Out And Look

This unit will teach driver-trainees to back and dock the combination vehicle safely. This unit will cover “Get Out and Look” (GOAL), evaluation of backing/loading facilities, knowledge of backing setups, as well as instruction in how to back with the use of spotters.

You, as the driver, are 100% responsible for safely backing your vehicle.
A driver should not and cannot blame a spotter, the vehicle mirrors, or a rearview camera for his/her backing mistakes.

If you must back up G.O.A.L – Get Out And Look

• Check for proper clearance on all six sides: up, down, left, right, front, and rear

• Continue to GET OUT AND LOOK multiple times

• Don’t just think you’re clear, KNOW you’re clear: GET OUT AND LOOK

• Use a helper but even with a helper, it is the driver’s responsibility to not strike anything

• GET OUT AND LOOK, even if a dozen people are flagging you back

1.6 Backing & Docking (9/9)

What do you call a trucker that doesn't drive anymore?

Semi-retired.

1.7A Coupling (1/19)

Coupling Tractor-Semitrailers

This section will provide the foundational knowledge for driver-trainees to develop the skills necessary to conduct the procedures for safe coupling and uncoupling of combination vehicle units, as applicable.

1.7A Coupling (19/19)

FUN FACT - TIME TO FUEL UP Commercial trucks consume 20,500 gallons of fuel each year. With an average cost per gallon for diesel trucks being $2.44 (example), and MPG average of 8, we'll just say it will cost a trucker approximately $50,000 at the pumps annually. In fact, the trucking industry spent over $143 billion on diesel fuel in 2011.

1.7B Uncoupling (1/12)

Uncoupling Tractor and Trailers

The following steps will help you understand the process of uncoupling your tractor and trailer safely.

1.7B Uncoupling (12/12)

COMPLETED - INFORMATIVE

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the section on safely uncoupling tractors and trailers. Mastering these steps is fundamental to preventing equipment damage and, most importantly, ensuring your safety and the safety of others in the work area.

2. Theory: Safe Operating Procedures

This section covers the essential safety protocols and standardized sequences required for the professional handling of tractor-semitrailer combinations. It emphasizes that following a specific, step-by-step method is the only way to prevent equipment damage, cargo loss, and life-threatening injuries.

Drivers will learn the critical importance of verifying mechanical connections through both physical tests and visual inspections, such as the "tug test" and checking for a zero-gap connection between the fifth wheel and the trailer apron. Additionally, the section highlights the necessity of managing weight distribution on landing gear and securing air and electrical lines to maintain vehicle integrity during and after the coupling and uncoupling process.

2.1 Visual Search (1/6)

Visual Search

This lesson will teach you how to visually search the road for potential hazards and critical objects, including recognizing distracted pedestrians or distracted drivers.

Are you ready to get started?

2.1 Visual Search (6/6)

FUN FACT - 6 PERCENT OF DRIVERS ARE FEMALE The trucking industry may be dominated by men; however, more women are choosing trucking as a full-time career. These ladies from all different ethnicities and age brackets make up 6 percent of the industry - or a total of 234,000 drivers, according to The American Trucking Association.

2.2 Communication (1/9)

Communication

This Lesson will teach you how to communicate their intentions to other road users. Proper use of headlights, turn signals, four-way flashers, and horns. Cover how to properly utilize eye contact techniques with other drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians.

Let's get started!

2.2 Communication (9/9)

DID YOU KNOW? The average trucker will drive over 100,000 road miles per year. That works out to nearly 40 trips across the United States.

2.3 Distracted Driving (1/8)

Distracted Driving

This section will teach FMCSRs related to distracted driving and other key driver distraction driving issues, including improper cell phone use, texting, and use of in-cab technology (e.g., §§ 392.80 and 392.82).

This instruction will include training in the following aspects

• Visual attention (keeping eyes on the road);

• Manual control (keeping hands on the wheel); and

• Cognitive awareness (keeping the mind on the task and

• Safe operation of the CMV).